{"id":726,"date":"2022-12-13T15:38:36","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T13:38:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doctorchat.md\/ro\/?p=726"},"modified":"2023-01-09T12:43:30","modified_gmt":"2023-01-09T10:43:30","slug":"infectiile-virale-acute","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/infectiile-virale-acute\/","title":{"rendered":"Infec\u021biile virale acute!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Odat\u0103 cu r\u0103cirea vremii, tema Infec\u021biilor respiratorii viral acute a devenit actual\u0103 pentru tot mai mul\u021bi p\u0103rin\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>Infec\u0163iile respiratorii acute (IRA) determin\u0103 40-60% din bolile copilului de v\u00eerst\u0103 fraged\u0103 \u015fi 30- 40% din maladiile pre\u015fcolarului \u015fi \u015fcolarului. Sursa de infec\u0163ie o constituie omul bolnav cu infec\u0163ii latente manifeste, sau inaparente \u015fi persoanele purt\u0103toare de virusuri. Perioada de contagiune \u00een IAV dureaz\u0103 10 zile, \u00een paragrip\u0103- 7-10 zile \u015fi \u00een IVRS- 10-14 zile. Calea de transmitere este cea aerian\u0103 prin pic\u0103turi de secre\u0163ii nazofaringiene \u015fi indirect\u0103 prin m\u00eeini \u015fi obiecte proasp\u0103t contaminate cu secre\u0163iile infectate (vesel\u0103, batiste, apa din bazinele de \u00eenot). \u00cen IAV transmiterea are loc \u015fi pe cale fecal \u2013 oral\u0103. Receptivitatea este general\u0103 \u015fi variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u0163ie de v\u00eerst\u0103. Sunt mai receptivi copiii \u00een v\u00eerst\u0103 dup\u0103 3 luni, adolescen\u0163ii, bolnavii cronici. Copiii \u00een v\u00eerst\u0103 p\u00een\u0103 la 3 luni se \u00eemboln\u0103vesc mai rar (excep\u0163ie \u2013 IVRS). Contagiozitatea \u00een IVRS \u015fi IAV este mare, \u00een special \u00een colectivit\u0103\u0163i \u015fi sta\u0163ionare &#8211; viroza poate cuprinde 90% din copiii mici, sugari. Sezonalitate: sezon rece &#8211; toamn\u0103, iarn\u0103, prim\u0103var\u0103. Vara pot fi cazuri sporadice. Imunitatea postinfec\u0163ioas\u0103 ob\u0163inut\u0103 este specific\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de serotipuri, subtipuri sau varianta antigenic\u0103 de virus.<\/p>\n<p>Simptome:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Febra \u2013 cre\u0219terea temperaturii corpului. Febra ajut\u0103 organismul s\u0103 lupte \u00eempotriva infec\u021biei (distruge viru\u0219ii \u0219i bacteriile). P\u00een\u0103 la cifrele 38\u00a0 o\u00a0 C \u2013 38,5\u00a0 o\u00a0 C nu se administreaz\u0103 medicamente antipiretice (pentru sc\u0103derea temperaturii).<\/li>\n<li>Rinoree \u2013 secre\u021bii nazale.<\/li>\n<li>Tuse \u2013 act reflex\u00a0\u00a0de ap\u0103rarea a organismului,\u00a0 prin\u00a0 eliberarea mucusului din c\u0103ile respiratorii .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Str\u0103nut.<\/li>\n<li>Inapeten\u021b\u0103 \u2013 copilul nu are poft\u0103 de m\u00eencare.<\/li>\n<li>Copil agitat \u0219i irascibil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dac\u0103 copilul este bolnav, exist\u0103 alternative la utilizarea de medicamente pentru tuse, sau medicamente care suprim\u0103 alte simptome pentru a ajuta persoana bolnav\u0103 s\u0103 tolereze mai u\u0219or afec\u021biunea. Aceste m\u0103suri includ:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Aerisirea \u00eenc\u0103perii unde se afl\u0103 copilul. Temperatura camerei \u00een limita de 20\u00a0 o\u00a0 C \u2013 22\u00a0 o<\/li>\n<li>Umidifierea aerului \u2013 ideal ar fi instalarea unui umidificator care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 mic\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 un pat de copii pentru a umidifica aerul \u0219i pentru a reduce uscarea c\u0103ilor nazale \u0219i a g\u00e2tului.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Reducerea activit\u0103\u021bii motorice pe perioada febril\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Regim hidric optimal \u2013 alimenta\u021bie la s\u00e2n pentru sugari, pentru copii mai mari consumul de lichide, \u00een special b\u0103uturile calde care calmeaz\u0103 g\u00e2tul.<\/li>\n<li>Metode fizice de sc\u0103derea febrei \u2013 copilul s\u0103 fie \u00eembracat sumar, \u0219tergerea tegumentelor cu un burete umed cu ap\u0103 c\u0103ldu\u021b\u0103. Strict este interzis folosirea alcoolului sau acidului acetic (o\u021betul).<\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 cifrele temperaturii corpului dep\u0103\u0219esc 38,5\u00a0 o\u00a0 C, se indic\u0103 folosirea medicamentelor antipiretice, Paracetamolul sau Ibuprofen. Este strict interzis\u0103 folosirea aspirinei, copiilor p\u00een\u0103 la 12 ani \u2013 poate induce dezvoltarea sindromului Reye. Administrarea um\u0103toarei doze de paracetamol poate fi repetat\u0103 peste 4 \u2013 6 ore (\u00een cazul c\u00e2nd se repet\u0103 puseul febril). Ibuprofenul se administreaz\u0103 dup\u0103 6- 8 ore de la doza precedent\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Combaterea obstruc\u021biei nazale cu instila\u021bii nazale, cu ser fiziologic 0,9 % sau ap\u0103 de mare de 5-6 ori pe zi. Dac\u0103 nu se dob\u00e2ndesc rezultate cu solu\u021bii saline se administreaz\u0103 medicamente decongestionante (conform v\u00e2rstei).<br \/>\n\u00cen cazul \u00een care ave\u021bi \u00eendoieli cu privire la ce trebuie s\u0103 face\u021bi \u0219i cum s\u0103 trata\u021bi copilul, p\u0103rin\u021bii trebuie s\u0103-\u0219i contacteze medicul \u00een primul r\u00e2nd. Dar dac\u0103 copilul are 3 luni sau mai pu\u021bin, contacta\u021bi medicul pediatru la primul semn de boal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Adresa\u021bi-v\u0103 medicului dumneavoastr\u0103 dac\u0103 observa\u021bi oricare dintre aceste simptome la un copil de orice v\u00e2rst\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Febr\u0103 la copil de 3 luni sau mai mic\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Febr\u0103 de 39 grade Celsius sau mai mare la orice v\u00e2rst\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Ineficacitatea antipireticilor (men\u021binerea febrei \u00een urma administr\u0103rii medicamentelor, Paracetamol sau Ibuprofen).<\/li>\n<li>Majorarea frecven\u021bei respiratorii ( copilul respir\u0103 des).Refuzul de a m\u00e2nca sau de a bea.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Sl\u0103biciune excesiv\u0103 sau somnolen\u021b\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Tusea persist mai mult de trei s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni.<\/li>\n<li>Lipsa amelior\u0103rii st\u0103rii generale peste 4-5 zile, de la debut.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Odat\u0103 cu r\u0103cirea vremii, tema Infec\u021biilor respiratorii viral acute a devenit actual\u0103 pentru tot mai mul\u021bi p\u0103rin\u021bi. Infec\u0163iile respiratorii acute (IRA) determin\u0103 40-60% din bolile copilului de v\u00eerst\u0103 fraged\u0103 \u015fi 30- 40% din maladiile pre\u015fcolarului \u015fi \u015fcolarului. Sursa de infec\u0163ie o constituie omul bolnav cu infec\u0163ii latente manifeste, sau inaparente \u015fi persoanele purt\u0103toare de virusuri. &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/infectiile-virale-acute\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":729,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[236],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.9 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Infec\u021biile virale acute! - doctorchat.md\/ro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Infec\u0163iile respiratorii acute determin\u0103 40-60% din bolile copilului de v\u00eerst\u0103 fraged\u0103 \u015fi 30- 40% din maladiile pre\u015fcolarului \u015fi \u015fcolarului.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/infectiile-virale-acute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Infec\u021biile virale acute!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Infec\u0163iile respiratorii acute determin\u0103 40-60% din bolile copilului de v\u00eerst\u0103 fraged\u0103 \u015fi 30- 40% din maladiile pre\u015fcolarului \u015fi \u015fcolarului.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/infectiile-virale-acute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Doctorchat Romania\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/doctorchat.md\/ro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-13T13:38:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-09T10:43:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2022\/12\/Untitled-design-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"924\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"gaiturmihaela\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/infectiile-virale-acute\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/infectiile-virale-acute\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"gaiturmihaela\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/#\/schema\/person\/e2b9ddf1225729dfdb744a7bf2479639\"},\"headline\":\"Infec\u021biile virale acute!\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-13T13:38:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-01-09T10:43:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/infectiile-virale-acute\/\"},\"wordCount\":682,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Medicina de familie\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/infectiile-virale-acute\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/doctorchat.ro\/infectiile-virale-acute\/\",\"name\":\"Infec\u021biile virale acute! 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